Tokyo's humble beginnings

Konnichiwa students!

Did you find that the capital of Japan is Tokyo, just like the prefecture name. However,the correct name of the prefecture is "Metropolitan Prefecture of Tokyo", and it includes smaller cities called "wards" that are under the administration of the prefecture. Tokyo is not only the capital and seat of government, but is also home to the Imperial family, and is where the the Imperial Palace is located. But as I mentioned the other day, it hasn't always been so.
Once named Edo, it was a small and simple village whose inhabitants caught fish for their livelihood. In the year 1457, Edo began to change. A samurai, Ota Dokan, a warrior-poet, built Edo castle,(a current picture of which is above). In 1590, the great military general, Tokugawa Ieyasu, made Edo his military headquarters when he became Shogun, or military high commander of Japan, in 1603. Then, because of its importance in the governing of Japan, the Emperor moved to Edo; Edo castle became the Imperial Palace.
Throughout the years the population grew, and it became Japan's political and cultural center. So it remains today.
Over 12 million people live in the Metropolitan Prefecture of Tokyo where I will be spending the first five days of my visit to Japan. I'm very excited because I will be staying in the New Otani Hotel which now owns the 10 acre garden that once belonged to Edo Castle. I can't wait to see it! In just a few days (Oct. 1) Tokyo will celebrate its anniversary in memory of Ota Dokan. The following is a poem written by him that describes the castle that he built and mentions a famous landmark of Japan that I have already noted in a previous blog.

The abode of mine
Adjoins a pine grove
Sitting on the blue sea
And from its humble eaves
Commands a view of soaring Fuji

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A political map part 2----Cities of Japan

Kombanwa students,
One aspects of Japan's political divisions we should view before we leave the topic of maps, for now, are the cities. Look at this map. Where are the cities located? if you said "along the coastal areas", you are right.
With what you have already learned about Japan's topography, why do you think they located their cities on their coastline? Can you find the capital city of Japan? It is located in Tokyo prefecture, and its beginning letter is a capital "T". But it wasn't always called this; long ago it was know as Edo.
I will stay in the capital for about 5-6 days, but most of the time will be spent in my host city of Minamisoma. It was hard for me to find on a map...it is not a coastal city, but it is close to the Pacific Ocean, and south of Soma. It is not a large city, and is not on this map.

A political map of Japan

Ohayo gozaimasu students,

On one of my previous blogs I used a physical map of Japan to help you understand that Japan has a very rugged terrain. Here is a political map of Japan. Just as we in the U.S. have areas and territories divided by man-made boundaries, so do other countries. The fact that these boundaries have been created by people in order to claim what they consider to be their land, and allow thenselves to set rules for its governing is what makes a political map. Some boundaries are accepted that are natural borders, such as the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers which define at least one of the territorial boundaries of each of the states that border those rivers. Our Commonwealth of Kentucky is one of those states. The Ohio River creates our northern boundary with Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, and the Mississippi creates the western-most boundary between Kentucky and Missouri. Other boundaries do not follow naturally created separations. The border between Tennesee and Kentucky is one such border.
In this map the Prefectures are outlined. In Japan, Prefectures are like our states. The prefecture I will be staying in for most of my visit is named Fukushima Prefecture. Can you find it on this map? Click to enlarge. It is colored in yellow; it is number 7 on this map.

Mt. Fuji san

Ohayo gozaimasu Students,

This greeting is "Good Morning" in Japanese. The first word is pronounced like the state of Ohio, the second word is pronounced just like it sounds with a long "i", and su is pronounced like the name "Sue", but with the "u" almost inaudible, so it sounds like "mass" to most non-Japanese.

Did you look at the physical map of yesterday's post? If so, then you could clearly see how mountainous Japan is. Japan is a country of great physical beauty I am told. Soon I will get to experience its rugged and dramatic beauty in person. I have only 20 more days until I leave on October 12Th!

Geologically speaking, Japan lies on a very unstable portion of the earth's crust.
Because of the movement of the earth's plates, the land shifts quite regularly causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. There are over 160 active volcanoes on the islands.
The most famous of all their mountains, and one which is a volcano, is Mt. Fuji. Mt. Fuji san is still considered an active volcano. It last erupted on December 16, 1707 and continued to do so until January 1, 1708. I am looking forward to seeing it. It is so perfectly shaped that the Japanese regard it as a sacred place. Many Japanese artists consider Mt. Fuji as a subject they never tire of recreating through their artistic medium. Katsushika Hokusai, a woodblock artist who lived between 1760 and 1849, created two series which have Mt. Fuji as the main subject. One is entitled "36 Views of Mt. Fuji" created between 1826-1833, and the other, "100 Views of Mt. Fuji" completed in 1834-1835. They are quite famous prints, and are considered masterpieces of Ukiyo-e art. I've included one here for you to appreciate.

An Island Nation

Kombanwa Students,

This is the Japanese word for "Good Evening".
In class today we talked about how Japan is an island nation which stretches in the ocean for 1,200 miles. Just like we, as people, have varying physical features, so do countries. There are many little islands which comprise Japan.However, there are four main islands. They are: Hokkaido, the northern most, below Hokkaido is Honshu, where Tokyo, the capital is located, Kyushu, and Shikoku, to the south and west, are separated from each other by the Inland Sea--(I suggest you find this on the map of Japan; I did not realize what an important resource it is until I started researching for my trip to Japan).
The remaining islands to the south form an archipelago called the Ryukyu Islands. Okinawa lies close to these, but is much larger. Some islands are so small they are uninhabitable. There are many mountains and hills in Japan, because the islands are actually the tops of a great mountain range that rises from the Northern Pacfic Ocean. Look at the physical map included here and you will see what I mean. Click on the picture of the map to study its details.

Land of the Rising Sun---Explained

Moshi Moshi Students,
This is another way to say "Hello" in Japanese. Literally translated, "Konnichiwa" means "Good Afternoon", but many websites I have visited use this greeting for "Hello".
In class Friday, my classes talked about Japan's geography. For those who haven't yet had that class, Japan is located in the Pacific Ocean east of China, Korea, and Russia. It is separated from mainland Asia by the Sea of Japan, the Sea of China in the South, and the Sea of Okhotsh to the North. I was pleasantly surprised that many of you knew to look in the Northern Pacific Ocean. The Japanese do not call their country Japan, but Nippon or Nihon, which in Kanji characters means sun origin. Before Japan was known as a distinct culture, the Chinese referred to the land that is in the East, and where the sun rises, as source of the sun. Therefore, "Land of the Rising Sun" is a common way to identify Japan. I think it is a very poetic description, so I chose this for the title of my blog. The Japanese flag is a red disc on a white background. The centered disc, called the Hinomaru, symbolizes the sun, the white honesty and purity. Though the red disc has been used on Japanese flags for thousands of years, the flag pictured on this post was not officially adopted as the Japanese flag until 1870.

What is a zen garden?

Konnichiwa, students,

Have you searched to find out what the Japanese word "konnichiwa" means? It is a standard greeting, or what we know as "hello".
In my last blog I presented a picture of a garden and described it as a "zen" garden. I wondered if any of you have used the library's resources to find out what kind of garden that might describe.
Basically, a zen garden is a Japanese rock garden. It contains sand, gravel, rocks, and occasionally grass, but plants are not considered an important, or necessary element of this type of garden. The garden itself is usually set in a sand pit. The gravel represents the sea, and the rocks represent land. The sand, or gravel, is raked into patterns that suggest rippling water. This type of garden is often meant to be viewed from one point of view. It is a garden that is meant to be studied. This practice sometimes leads to contemplation, either of the garden, or the viewer's life. This type of garden is usually found in Buddhist temple grounds.

Why I'm going

Ohayo gozaimasu, readers!

This is a very common expression in Japanese. Your challenge is to find out what this phrase means. For those of you who are wondering why I am going to Japan, I will explain. The Japanese government sponsors a program which enable American educators to visit and learn about their culture. This program is called the Japan Fulbright Memorial Teacher Fund Program. The Japanese government was impressed by the American Fulbright Program instituted by Senator Fulbright to promote peace and understanding between the cultures of our world. The Japanese decided to emulate this program.

Isn't this a beautiful picture? This is of a zen garden in Kyoto, Japan. Can you find this on a map? I am looking forward to visiting this garden.

Preparations for Japan

Konnichiwa students!

Here it is already September 3rd, and I'm very eagerly awaiting receiving my flight tickets to San Francisco and Japan.
I won't leave Kentucky until October 12th, but there is much to do to get ready for my 3 week stay.